The dashed lines indicate the limit of detection, which was 3.33×10 0.5 TCID 50 per liter of air for aerosols, 10 0.5 TCID 50 per milliliter of medium for plastic, steel, and cardboard, and 10 1.5 TCID 50 per milliliter of medium for copper. Experimental conditions are ordered according to the posterior median half-life of SARS-CoV-2. The dots indicate the posterior median estimates, and the black lines indicate a 95% credible interval. As shown in Panel C, violin plots indicate posterior distribution for the half-life of viable virus based on the estimated exponential decay rates of the virus titer. There were 150 lines per panel, including 50 lines from each plotted replicate.
Lines are random draws from the joint posterior distribution of the exponential decay rate (negative of the slope) and intercept (initial virus titer) to show the range of possible decay patterns for each experimental condition. Points show measured titers and are slightly jittered (i.e., their horizontal positions are modified by a small random amount to reduce overlap) along the time axis to avoid overplotting. As shown in Panel B, regression plots indicate the predicted decay of virus titer over time the titer is plotted on a logarithmic scale. Plots show the means and standard errors (? bars) across three replicates. All samples were quantified by end-point titration on Vero E6 cells. The titer of viable virus is expressed as TCID 50 per milliliter of collection medium. Viruses were applied to copper, cardboard, stainless steel, and plastic maintained at 21 to 23☌ and 40% relative humidity over 7 days. Viability of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosols and on Various Surfaces.Īs shown in Panel A, the titer of aerosolized viable virus is expressed in 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (TCID 50) per liter of air. All experimental measurements are reported as means across three replicates. Our data consisted of 10 experimental conditions involving two viruses (SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1) in five environmental conditions (aerosols, plastic, stainless steel, copper, and cardboard). The inoculum resulted in cycle-threshold values between 20 and 22, similar to those observed in samples obtained from the upper and lower respiratory tract in humans.
Aerosols (<5 μm) containing SARS-CoV-2 (10 5.25 50% tissue-culture infectious dose per milliliter) or SARS-CoV-1 (10 6.75-7.00 TCID 50 per milliliter) were generated with the use of a three-jet Collison nebulizer and fed into a Goldberg drum to create an aerosolized environment.
We evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 in aerosols and on various surfaces and estimated their decay rates using a Bayesian regression model (see the Methods section in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at ). 1 We analyzed the aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 and compared it with SARS-CoV-1, the most closely related human coronavirus. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world.Ī novel human coronavirus that is now named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (formerly called HCoV-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and is now causing a pandemic.
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